TOPIC: Survey to Find the Effectiveness of Advertising Methodologies Adopted By fine Gold and diamond jewelry

INTRODUCTION

                                       The Objective Of All Business Is To Make Profit And Merchandising Concern Can Do That By Increasing Its Sales At Remunerative Prices .This Is Possible As The Product Is Widely Published To Be The Final Costumers . In Such A Case Advertisement Is Very Useful To Every Firm. The Word Advertisement Has Its origin From a Latin Word ‘Adventure’. Which Means Turn To The Dictionary Meaning Of The Word Is To Announce Publicity Or Public Concerned To A Specific Thing Which Has Been Announced By The Advertiser Publicity In Order To Inform And Influence The With The Ideas Which Advertisement Carries.

                   Today The Word Advertising Is Very Common To All Of Use It Is The Business Of People By The People And For The People. Advertising Is An Integral Part Of Our Social And Economic System. As A Technique For Promoting Sales Has Been Doing Wonders In The Domain Of Distribution Because, It Influence The Course Of Consumption Effect The Process Of Production Enlarge Exchanges And Diversify Distributions.

                  Now We Have Looked Overall Integrated Marketing Communication Planning, Let’s Did More Deeply In To The Specific Marketing Communication Tools. A Advertising Involve Communicating the Company’s Or Brand Value Proposition by Using Paid Media to Inform Persuade, And Remind Customers. Advertisement is a costly affair, but very seldom serious attempts are made to judge how far it is effective, how many benefits the costs of advertisement yield, how the benefits, if any, are related to advertisement and so as. Till recently, the effectiveness of advertisement has been measured in relation to sales. This is what is known as quantitative way of measurement.

This measurement emphasizes whether an advertisement was acceptable to consumers and whether they digested it and remembered it. This is known as “stimulus response function”. There is no dispute about the fact that the most objective way of measuring an advertisement is through sales. Sales in turn are influenced by complexity of forces which fall into qualitative type of advertisements

Therefore, the measurement of quality is an indicator of the index of the quantitative type of measurements. The advertisement should first appeal, that is, it should stimulate the demand for a particular type of the product. Only then can some results be expected from it. The success of an advertisement can be analyzed only with the help of some survey data relating to consumer response and sales.

                 Now Jewelers Are Competing One Another To Introduce There Product And Service In Front Of Customers. So Advertising Play A Major Role To Introduce There Product And Services And It Attract A Large Number Of Customers.

                               

NEED 0F THE STUDY

Investigation into this subject matter be very necessary to both advertisers’ and consumers. This study will;

·       Inform producers, companies and marketing organizations& advertising agencies if it strategies are effective.

·       Help consumers understand effects 0f certain deceptive messages in adverts.

·       Help advertisers’ t0 identify advertising medium that gets attention 0f summers.

·       Inform Advertisers abut it level of impact 0n buying power 0f consumer.

                                      

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Study On effectiveness of advertisement

  Advertisement aims at developing a favorable consumer attitude towards product& moving consumer 

t0 point 0f purchase while sales promotion start functioning by providing a specific inducement.

·       report may help  management in taking decision help m tonged a clear idea of this strength weakness in advertising field

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

 Advertising Play A Major Role To Introduce There Product And Services And It Attract A Large Number Of Customers.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 Survey to Find the Effectiveness of Advertising Methodologies Adopted By fine Gold and diamond jewelry

                                     

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

·       Advertisement aims at developing a favorable consumer attitude towards  product& moving  consumer to point of purchase while sales promotion start functioning by providing a specific inducement.

·       report may help  management in taking decision help me to get a clear idea of this strength weakness in advertising field

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

·       Most of the respondent are reluctant to give information

·       An in depth study was not possible due to time constrains.

·       study was purely confined to 50 sample may not be applicable to entire customers

                                           METHODOLOGY

Survey methodology is used. survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and associated techniques of survey data collection, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys

CONCLUSION

From this project  I can understood that advertising activities adopted by fine gold are effective.as audience we saw a lot of advertisement every day in television , magazines, newspapers etc.

                Fine gold pays a less expense on advertisement and  thereby they provide quality product to the public at a reasonable price.in this reason a wide range of customers are attract to the fine gold.

                Fine gold is one of the finest dealers of gold in Kerala. They have a good sale every year and they provide a good piece of service to them. This study has impartial result on its findings so that it can be conclude that brand awareness has great range of influence on buying decision on advertisement.

FINDINGS

·       The most people are likely to wear ornaments

                  (Gold, platinum, diamond)

·       The most of the people are known fine gold

·       Most of the public have noticed the advertisement of fine gold

·       TV is most effective media of advertisement

·       Customers got awareness about the brand via advertisement family, friends etc…

·       Majority of the sample are like the advertisement because of its theme

·       Aggregate of respondent opinion that they get all required information from the advertisement

·       Out of 50 sample most familiar advertisement media is TV

·       Most of the respondent opinion that advertisement is necessary in jewelers

·       Majority of the sample are highly satisfied with the current locality of fine gold

·       Major number of respondent have aware of the product offered by the fine gold

·       Most of them are very happy with product so, they replied that they definitely recommend the product.

SUGGESTIONS

·       A little more consideration should be given to the media like magazines and newspapers

·       The allocation of revenue on advertisement should be increased by 10% or more

·       The interval  in which advertisement given in magazines and newspapers may be increased

Fine gold units should be started at different party of Kerala

INTRODUCTION

                          Teaching practices is an important component towards becoming a teacher. It provides experiences to student teachers in the actual teachers in the actual teaching and learning environment. During teaching practices a student teacher is given the opportunity to try the art of teaching before actually getting into the real world of the teaching profession.Student teachers also know the  value of teaching practice and they perceive it as the important aspect of their preparation for the teaching profession.

ABOUT THE SCHOOL

                  As a part of B.Ed curriculum we were asked to do an internship program me schools for year 2018.we had done our internship programmer at GOVT.V .H.S.S THRIKAKKARA .GOVT G V H.S.S is one of the best school  area know for its amazing environment  and experienced facilities for students. This school is functional and managed by the government of kerala and  accredicited by kerala board of public examinations.The school is well equipped with playground computer lab library that provides students with simple opportunity to learn and grow.

VALUE EDUCATION

            Value education means inculcating in the children a sense of humanism a deep concern for the well being of other and the nation. During my teaching practices i give an opportunity to teach value education  2 class to students .I teach my first class on 14.08.2018 my topic was  “hard work”. The value education class was will help to increase ability of hard work of the students. Increase the confidence level of the students. At the time of teaching students are more cooperate with me.They are interested to hear the class.

Next class of value education is conducted on 19.08.2018 my topic was “submission conviction.”this class will help to increase the leadership quality of the students.At the time of teaching students was very cooperate with me.   

  

ACTION RESEARCH

Action research is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by individuals working with others in teams or as part of a community of practice to improve the way they address issues and solve problems. I conduct action research  on 04.09.2018. Normally  I saw that students have a fear towards the subject accountancy. They are unable to understand the basic concept of accountancy.The conclusion drawn on basis of interpretation of the outcomes of questionnaire presented in the class.The final step of action research demands critical and logical thinking in summerising the finding of the study and compares them with the action hypothesis formulated.

CASE STUDY

Case study is in depth study of child. It is usually used to study the various aspects of a learner to bring out desirable changes in him. I have done a case study in GVHSS THRIKAKKARA  .on 11.10.2018. The case which I selected was a student of XI commerce. Her name is ‘SHARANYA. She  is gloomy and disturbed. So I observed her  clearly and understood almost all details About his from school, friends, his teachers.The case was analyzed in connection with the objectives so that there discussed his academic performance, social relations and participation in extra  curricular activities each objectives are discussed birefily under considering proper facts of study.  

PROJECT ON PROBLEM OF LEARNING

I have done my practical with topic on “DYSCALCULIA” Normally  I saw that students have a fear towards the subject accountancy. They are unable to understand the basic concept of accountancy.  

PEDAGOGIC

50 LESSON PLANS

          As  a part of B.Ed curriculum, we were required to prepare fifty lesson plans during our teaching practices period on 13.08.2018-30.10.2018. With the support and guidance of mentor , we are taken classes according to lesson plans. The chapters are given by the mentor.my chapters are depreciation accounting ,bills of exchange in accountancy, functions of management in business studies. I used various teaching methods such as general discussion, Group discussion role play,and so on .Also used various kinds of learning aids such as charts,handout,pictures,videos,activity cards etc.The gaming activities boost the participation of the students.I completed my classes according to lesson plans within the time allotted. other three lesson plans are verified by our teacher Caroline Abraham.It was a great experience to me as trainee.

INNOVATIVE LESSON PLANS

The innovative lesson plan means lesson plan prepared using different innovative methods.We were need to prepare five innovative lesson plans as a part of B.Ed curriculum. I prepared five innovative lesson plan on 12.10.2018,16.10.2018,19.10.2018,23.10.2018,25.10.2018.

Such as concept mapping concept attainment model and 5 E model. The students are very excited while taking innovative lesson plans.Because it is different than normal teaching. I taken five innovative lesson plans at school. The class was supervised by our mentor ABIALASH sir. it was a different experience to me as a teacher trainee  

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COMMERCE CLUB

Commerce club or association may be started in school under the leadership of  the commerce teacher on 22.09.2018.The commerce teacher should take all possible steps to run the club effectively. I formed a commerce club under the supervision and guidance of abilash sir teacher in charge of commerce. It helped me how to organize  and coordinate various activities on I conducted several activities under the club such quiz program and create a career bulletin in our college . It helped me to increase my leadership quality . communication , organizing capacity  and so on. All the students of the club were very active and participated in all activities organized by the club. We provide  prizes to the winners after each competitions. 

SELF ASSESSMENT

Self assessment is a process of looking oneself in order to assess aspects that are important to one’s identify. As a part of B.Ed curriculum I have conduct self-assessment program for the students of the  class plus one . I have prepared a tool is to evaluate. The main purpose of self evaluation tool is to check the level of performance of student in a particular area. The task was given to them on the topic human resource management. The self assessment   helped me to evaluate my strengths and weakness from the point view of students. It was a great experience to me as a teacher trainee. 

                                            PEER ASSESSMENT

Peer assessment is an educational activity in which teachers trainee judge the performance of their peers and it can take different forms depending on the characteristics of its implementation                          As a  part of B.Ed curriculum ,I watched the class of fayas, suhail and shaji. both of them are well followed by the teaching manual. Content organization ,writing  of curricular objectives was excellent. all are presented very well

UNIT PLAN AND UNIT TEST

      As a part of b.ed curriculum we were asked to do an unit plan and unit test in the class during my teaching practice on 20.09.2018.  unit plan held a teacher in achieving anticipated objectives and also helps teacher in arranging topics according to interest of the learner. I selected the for unit test on 23.09.2018.  on the bases of unit plan I conduct a unit test that will help to understand the knowledge of the student . that will help to increase the confidence level of the students. I prepared questions with 25 marks. It was the great experience in my teaching practices.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST AND REMEDIAL MEASURES

       Diagnostic test is an important tool in education . Diagnostic tests measures students understanding of a subject area or skills.As a part of our B.Ed curriculum  iselected business services on 29.10.2018. I conduct an unit test having 15 marks with objective type questions. On the basis of the result of the students I realize that the portion of accountancy is not understand very well. I learned that portion one’s more with more better teaching strategy. After teaching that portion I conducted another test for backward students. That will increase the content knowledge of the students. 

ACHIEVEMENT TEST

               Achievement test is  a test used to measure the achievement of a students in a particular area. As a part of B.Ed  curriculum we were ask to prepare an achievement test. I selected the  depreciation and bill of exchange. I prepared the question paper having 30 marks. I conducted achievement test on 30.10.2018. I measures the achievement of student using various kinds of statistical tools  such as standard deviation,arithmetic mean ,mode, median. Through achievement test we measure how much achieved by student. Most of the student in class are participated in achievement test. It was a great experience to me as a teacher trainee.

SUPERVISION DIARY

  As part of our B.Ed  curriculum   our teacher observed all my classes.it will help to increase my content knowledge and understand my weak points. class observed by  abhilash sir  and 3 class  observed by miss carolin

PHYSICAL

                  As a part of our B.Ed curriculum  I have an opportunity to teach 3 yoga class and 2 health education class. That will help to increase the health awareness of the students. And all students are actively participated. Yoga class was very interesting and helpful  for the life. All students are very interested.

ARTS

       As a part of B.Ed curriculum  I have an opportunity to teach 2 arts class . I selected the topic chavittunadakam and margam kali . and I presented a video for teaching. That will help to the students to understand the theme. And also give an opportunity to judge two program in yothfestival .that was the first experience in my life.

CONCLUSION

As a part of our B.Ed curriculum we have an opportunity to teach students 3 months. That was the excellent experience in my teaching career. That will help increase the confidence level. and  acquire knowledge from others teachers . school internship was help to both teacher trainee and students to increase content knowledge.

management

Management

Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources. The term "management" may also refer to those people who manage an organization.

Social scientists study management as an academic discipline, investigating areas such as social organization and organizational leadership. Some people study management at colleges or universities; major degrees in management include the Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) and Master of Business Administration (MBA.) and, for the public sector, the Master of Public Administration (MPA) degree. Individuals who aim to become management specialists or experts, management researchers, or professors may complete the Doctor of Management (DM), the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA), or the PhD in Business Administration or Management.

Larger organizations generally have three levels of managers, which are typically organized in a hierarchical, pyramid structure:

·         Senior managers, such as members of a Board of Directors and a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or a President of an organization. They set the strategic goals of the organization and make decisions on how the overall organization will operate. Senior managers are generally executive-level professionals, and provide direction to middle management who directly or indirectly report to them.

·         Middle managers, examples of which would include branch managers, regional managers, department managers and section managers, provide direction to front-line managers. Middle managers communicate the strategic goals of senior management to the front-line managers.

·         Lower managers, such as supervisors and front-line team leaders, oversee the work of regular employees (or volunteers, in some voluntary organizations) and provide direction on their work.

In smaller organizations, an individual manager may have a much wider scope. A single manager may perform several roles or even all of the roles commonly observed in a large organization.

Definitions

Views on the definition and scope of management include:

·         According to Henri Fayol, "to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control."Fredmund Malik defines it as "the transformation of resources into utility."

·         Management included as one of the factors of production – along with machines, materials and money.

·         Ghislain Deslandes defines it as “a vulnerable force, under pressure to achieve results and endowed with the triple power of constraint, imitation and imagination, operating on subjective, interpersonal, institutional and environmental levels”.    Peter Drucker (1909–2005) saw the basic task of management as twofold: marketing and innovation. Nevertheless, innovation is also linked to marketing (product innovation is a central strategic marketing issue). Peter Drucker identifies marketing as a key essence for business success, but management and marketing are generally understood as two different branches of business administration knowledge.

Theoretical scope

Management involves identifying the mission, objective, procedures, rules and manipulation of the human capital of an enterprise to contribute to the success of the enterprise. This implies effective communication: an enterprise environment (as opposed to a physical or mechanical mechanism) implies human motivation and implies some sort of successful progress or system outcome.As such, management is not the manipulation of a mechanism (machine or automated program), not the herding of animals, and can occur either in a legal or in an illegal enterprise or environment. From an individual's perspective, management does not need to be seen solely from an enterprise point of view, because management is an essential function to improve one's life and relationships. Management is therefore everywhere and it has a wider range of application. Based on this, management must have humans. Communication and a positive endeavor are two main aspects of it either through enterprise or independent pursuit. Plans, measurements, motivational psychological tools, goals, and economic measures (profit, etc.) may or may not be necessary components for there to be management. At first, one views management functionally, such as measuring quantity, adjusting plans, meeting goals.This applies even in situations where planning does not take place. From this perspective, Henri Fayol (1841–1925)considers management to consist of six functions:

1.   forecasting

2.   planning

3.   organizing

4.   commanding

5.   coordinating

6.   controlling

In another way of thinking, Mary Parker Follett (1868–1933), allegedly defined management as "the art of getting things done through people".She described management as philosophy.Critics, however, find this definition useful but far too narrow. The phrase "management is what managers do" occurs widely,the difficulty of defining management without circularity, the shifting nature of definitionsand the connection of managerial practices with the existence of a managerial cadre or of a class.

One habit of thought regards management as equivalent to "business administration" and thus excludes management in places outside commerce, as for example in charities and in the public sector. More broadly, every organization must "manage" its work, people, processes, technology, etc. to maximize effectiveness., many people refer to university departments that teach management as "business schools". Some such institutions (such as the Harvard Business School) use that name, while others (such as the Yale School of Management) employ the broader term "management".

English-speakers may also use the term "management" or "the management" as a collective word describing the managers of an organization, for example of a corporation.Historically this use of the term often contrasted with the term "labor" – referring to those being managed.

But in the present erathe concept of management is identified in the wide areasand its frontiers have been pushed to a broader range. Apart from profitable organizations even non-profitable organizations (NGOs) apply management concepts. The concept and its uses are not constrained Management on the whole is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, leading and controlling.

History

Some see management (by definition) as late-modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Hindu numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the codification of double-entry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control.

Also, Machiavelli wrote about how to make organisations efficient and effective. The principles that Machiavelli set forth in Discourses (1531) can be adapted to apply the management of organisations today:

·         An organisation is more stable if members have the right to express their differences and solve their conflicts within it.

·         While one person can begin an organisation, "it is lasting when it is left in the care of many and when many desire to maintain it."

·         A weak manager can follow a strong one, but not another weak one, and maintain authority.

·         A manager seeking to change an established organization "should retain at least a shadow of the ancient customs."With the changing workplaces of industrial revolutions in the 18th and 19th centuries, military theory and practice contributed approaches to managing the newly-popular factories.

Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized record-keeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common.

19th century

Classical economists such as Adam Smith (1723–1790) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues. About the same time, innovators like Eli Whitney (1765–1825), James Watt (1736–1819), and Matthew Boulton (1728–1809) developed elements of technical production such as standardization, quality-control procedures, cost-accounting, interchangeability of parts, and work-planning. Many of these aspects of management existed in the pre-1861 slave-based sector of the US economy. That environment saw 4 million people, as the contemporary usages had it, "managed" in profitable quasi-mass production.

Salaried managers as an identifiable group first became prominent in the late 19th century.

20th century

 By about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis (see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief). Examples include Henry R. Towne's Science of management in the 1890s, Frederick Winslow Taylor's The Principles of Scientific Management (1911), Lillian Gilbreth's Psychology of Management (1914), Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's Applied motion study (1917), and Henry L. Gantt's charts (1910s). J. Duncan wrote the first college management-textbook in 1911. In 1912 Yoichi Ueno introduced Taylorism to Japan and became the first management consultant of the "Japanese-management style". His son Ichiro Ueno pioneered Japanese quality assurance.

The first comprehensive theories of management appeared around 1920. The Harvard Business School offered the first Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) in 1921. People like Henri Fayol (1841–1925) and Alexander Church described the various branches of management and their inter-relationships. In the early 20th century, people like Ordway Tead (1891–1973), Walter Scott and J. Mooney applied the principles of psychology to management. Other writers, such as Elton Mayo (1880–1949), Mary Parker Follett(1868–1933), Chester Barnard (1886–1961), Max Weber (1864–1920), who saw what he called the "administrator" as bureaucrat Rensis Likert (1903–1981), and Chris Argyris(born 1923) approached the phenomenon of management from a sociological perspective.

Peter Drucker (1909–2005) wrote one of the earliest books on applied management: Concept of the Corporation (published in 1946). It resulted from Alfred Sloan (chairman of General Motors until 1956) commissioning a study of the organisation. Drucker went on to write 39 books, many in the same vein.

H. Dodge, Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), and Thornton C. Fry introduced statistical techniques into management-studies. In the 1940s, Patrick Blackett worked in the development of the applied-mathematics science of operations research, initially for military operations. Operations research, sometimes known as "management science" (but distinct from Taylor's scientific management), attempts to take a scientific approach to solving decision-problems, and can apply directly to multiple management problems, particularly in the areas of logistics and operations.

Some of the more recent developments include the Theory of Constraints, management by objectives, reengineering, Six Sigma and various information-technology-driven theories such as agile software development, as well as group-management theories such as Cog's Ladder.

As the general recognition of managers as a class solidified during the 20th century and gave perceived practitioners of the art/science of management a certain amount of prestige, so the way opened for popularised systems of management ideas to peddle their wares. In this context many management fads may have had more to do with pop psychology than with scientific theories of management.

Towards the end of the 20th century, business management came to consist of six separate branches, namely:

1.   financial management

2.   human resource management

3.   information technology management (responsible for management information systems)

4.   marketing management

5.   operations management and production management

6.   strategic management

21st century

 In the 21st century observers find it increasingly difficult to subdivide management into functional categories in this way. More and more processes simultaneously involve several categories. Instead, one tends to think in terms of the various processes, tasks, and objects subject to management.Branches of management theory also exist relating to nonprofits and to government: such as public administration, public management, and educational management. Further, management programs related to civil-society organizations have also spawned programs in nonprofit management and social entrepreneurship.

Note that many of the assumptions made by management have come under attack from business-ethics viewpoints, critical management studies, and anti-corporate activism.

As one consequence, workplace democracy (sometimes referred to as Workers' self-management) has become both more common and advocated to a greater extent, in some places distributing all management functions among workers, each of whom takes on a portion of the work. However, these models predate any current political issue, and may occur more naturally than does a command hierarchy. All management embraces to some degree a democratic principle—in that in the long term, the majority of workers must support management. Otherwise, they leave to find other work or go on strike. Despite the move toward workplace democracy, command-and-control organization structures remain commonplace as de facto organization structure. Indeed, the entrenched nature of command-and-control is evident in the way that recent layoffs have been conducted with management ranks affected far less than employees at the lower levels. In some cases, management has even rewarded itself with bonuses after laying off lower-level workers.

According to leadership academic Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, a contemporary senior management team will almost inevitably have some personality disorders.

Basic functios of management

 According to Fayol, management operates through five basic functions: planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding, and controlling.

·         Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating plans for action (deciding in advance).

·         Organizing (or staffing): Making sure the human and nonhuman resources are put into place.

·         Coordinating: Creating a structure through which an organization's goals can be accomplished.

·         Commanding (or leading): Determining what must be done in a situation and getting people to do it.

·         Controlling: Checking progress against plans.

Basic roles[edit]

·         Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees

Figurehead,leader

·         Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information

Nerve centre, dissciminator

·         Decision: roles that require decision-making entrepreneur,negotiator,allocator

Skills of management

 Management skills include:

·         political: used to build a power base and to establish connections

·         conceptual: used to analyze complex situations

·         interpersonal: used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate

·         diagnostic: ability to visualize appropriate responses to a situation

·         leadership: ability to lead and to provide guidance to a specific group

·         technical: expertise in one's particular functional area.

·         Behavioral:Perception towards others.

Implementation of policies and strategies

·         All policies and strategies must be discussed with all managerial personnel and staff.

·         Managers must understand where and how they can implement their policies and strategies.

·         A plan of action must be devised for each department.

·         Policies and strategies must be reviewed regularly.

·         Contingency plans must be devised in case the environment changes.

·         Top-level managers should carry out regular progress assessments.

·         The business requires team spirit and a good environment.

·         The missions, objectives, strengths and weaknesses of each department must be analyzed to determine their roles in achieving the business's mission.

·         The forecasting method develops a reliable picture of the business's future environment.

·         A planning unit must be created to ensure that all plans are consistent and that policies and strategies are aimed at achieving the same mission and objectives.